Automotive history

The development of the automotive worldThe history of the automotive world begins when Nicolaus August Otto invented the motorcycles in 1876. Then, in 1885, Gottlieb Daimler invented the fuel oil that allows the opening of the birth of a revolution in car design. The discovery was followed by Karl Benz, a mechanical engineer who was first to build a practical car that is run by a machine called an internal-combustion engine in 1985.
In America, John W. Lambert found a gasoline-powered automobile in 1891. Duryea Brothers became the first company to manufacture and sell such vehicles to the public. Everything is possible to walk is not too significant, until finally Henry Ford launched the Model-T is phenomenal, it is equipped with a transmission system and a better design. The first model manufactured in 1908 and continues to change until 1980.
Still talking about ground transportation, in the field of railway's history, began when George Stephenson designed the first steam train in 1824. Although it is true that the steam engine James Watt have been found long before that. New in 1924 then steam train has developed a mature and spread to the whole world. Followed by the birth of the diesel trains in the 1960s. After experiencing a rather old vacuum, came super fast trains are actually based on Maglev technology is still in early growth. Nevertheless, we can see the TGV and Shinkansen with admiration and astonishment that no agony.
Meanwhile, in the world of aeronautics, history tells a lot longer. Perhaps, in the year 852 a Muslim scientist named Armen Word jumped from a tower in Cordoba (Spain) and floated using cloak worn as a parachute. In the year 875, Abbas Ibn Firnas desperate to repeat the action of the Word. Unfortunately, he suffered a back injury resulting in death several years later. Baghdad and then use the name as the name Firnas airport to remember.
Centuries later, people continue to assume that human beings have to fly with wings. Even the famous DaVinci painting in the 1500s also implies such a thing. The story became somewhat changed when Sir George Cayley in 1799 formulated the concept of the aircraft where it should have wings, tail, and so on. Funnily enough, this concept is written on a piece of silver made in that year.
Then make the corresponding Cayley glider concept and told the train driver (coachman) to try it, but no clear results achievement. Otto Lilienthal is that later became the first person to make the glider at the same time trying melayangkannya moment. The experimental results are published, but unfortunately, one day when he did the experiment, there was wind that makes it stumbled and died.
On November 28, 1896, a professor named Samuel Langley of the Smithsonian Institute managed to create drones that can fly to a height of 4,200 feet with a speed of 30 mph. Langley then asked for research funding from the U.S. Department of Defense of U.S. $ 5,000 to design a manned aircraft. Two experiments carried out on October 7, 1903 and December 9, 1903 only led to failure. The first trial resulted in a broken wing aircraft without leaving the ground. While the second experiment was unable to fly planes and crashed in the Potomac River plunged. However, for his services in the fields of aeronautics, Langley's name immortalized as the name of the famous lab: NASA Langley.
Pause 8 days after Langley's second trial, Kitty Hawk's Wrights brothers made history as the first aircraft with the power machine capable of flying and reaching a height exceeding the starting pointnya. This is the first time the man managed to beat gravity. Wrights brothers continue to make improvements on its findings, as well as many scientists in France, Britain, Germany, Russia, Australia, and so on. However, Wright Bros. who attract attention after a stunningly vibrant community in Paris. He later sold his idea to the U.S. Department of Defense. The result, shortly after the U.S. Army has some "fighters" in which the pilot threw the bomb with his hand to finish off the enemy on land.
When WWI broke out in 1929, double-winged plane is prevalent. Then in 1926, Charles Lindberg for the first time crossed the Atlantic successfully. This is the starting point when the aircraft is treated as a means of transportation, not just a hobby or a toy as before. When WWII broke out in the 1940s, fighter aircraft are far more sophisticated. Airlines with propeller emerging. And in the 1950s, jet engines (Boeing 707) began operations and the term "jet set" or a jet transport began to be known.
In the 1960's, the supersonic aircraft (Concorde) began operations. Unfortunately, although Russia has successfully launched its first satellite (1957) and the United States successfully land a man on the moon (1969), growth was almost stagnant in the world of aeronautics. It is true that the success of the Russians and the Americans are driven more by political factors (cold war) than the factor of technological discoveries to improving the welfare of mankind. It is also true that new technologies initially grew very slowly, then reached the point where innovation continues rained, and soon reached a mature stage. After that technological development was slow again. The period between these, when calculated, averaging about 40 years.
By using the above calculation, it should now be able to fly with a human or a hypersonic speed beyond the atmosphere into space. Unfortunately, due to funding research that expensive (or a strong political overtones), both Russia and the U.S. no longer insists on developing the space shuttle. Spacecraft has become the monopoly of its own very expensive. But for a handful of people, could be a business opportunity billions (or trillions) of dollars.
To get a spacecraft that is much cheaper than gawean NASA and its contractors, digelarlah X-Prize with a prize worth U.S. $ 10 million for anyone who is able to fly as high as 100 km or more with a pilot and two passengers or weight equivalent. There are many "crazy" who are interested in racing, one of Burt Rutan, funded by Paul Allen.
Rutan SpaceShipOne made out to be a winner. Funds that rains more than U.S. $ 20 million, but the motivation to seize opportunities to make space tourism business U.S. $ 20 million as if nothing. The project continued with SpaceShipTwo which can carry up to 8 people and will be ready in 2007 or 2008. That said, Virgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo aircraft already ordered three.
In addition to the X-Prize, Bigelow, a millionaire owner of cheap hotels, also held a similar award with a prize of U.S. $ 50 million plus contract to make a plane for anyone who could make the aircraft to transport tourists around the earth several times. He has made the company Bigelow Aerospace is conducting research on how the structure is right for the hotel space. The results are quite amazing and the technology purchased by NASA to repair space shuttle. Of course, this price is much cheaper than buying from contractors such as Boeing or Lockheed Martin. Bigelow realized that dream to make the hotel space can never be realized without a system of cheap transportation.
Of course all this is not gibberish nonsense. Many new companies with 50 or 100 employees genius and a strong backup of investor funds emerging. Outer space belongs to ordinary people, no longer a government monopoly or state. With the birth of new industries which solid brain and capital-intensive, space travel is not something impossible. Currently, the Russians could take us a walk to the station MIR with a price of U.S. $ 20 million. But the next few years, the tariff will decrease significantly.
Soon we will feel "normal" when he heard the people working in outer space, honeymooners 100 km beyond the earth, or a hotel employee in the month. Colonization of the moon or Mars colonization is the future. Later, exploration and exploitation of minerals is likely to occur on the moon or on other planets is indeed very rich in minerals. The future belonged to small industry with big capabilities. And if 20 years the world's richest man is Bill Gates, then the next 20 years the world's richest man is an entrepreneur who is able to innovate to bring man into space in a cost effective and efficient, and package it in a value-added services.